Observations:

E.g., Chertok, Fomichev, Gorgutsa et al. (1988, 1990)

Bakunin, Ledenev, Kosugi, McLean (1990)

Kliem, Kruger, Urbarz et al. (1993)

Theory:

See Zheleznyakov, Zlotnik (1974), Zlotnik (1978),

Zlotnik, Klassen, Klein et al. (1998)
 
 

Coalesence of three plasma waves

Coalesence of a plasma wave and electromagnetic one at double plasma frequency